What’s the Difference Between Lab-Grown and Natural Diamonds?

In this day and age, shopping for an engagement ring can feel downright overwhelming. With such a large variety of stones, shapes, and styles to choose from, settling on one design is no easy task. Plus, for those interested in sporting a diamond sparkler, there’s another shopping consideration to keep in mind: Do you opt for a mined diamond or a lab-grown stone?

Ultimately, landing on an answer may be difficult if you're unsure of what differentiates the two. What actually sets lab-grown and naturally mined diamonds apart—and is one better than the other? The short answer: As far as the average consumer is concerned, there’s very little difference between these two rocks, as they are optically, geologically, and chemically the same. However, that's not to say that mined and lab-grown stones aren't dissimilar, as the two chiefly diverge in how and where they are created. "The differences are not in the physical make-up of the stone but in the source," says fine jewelry expert Maria Doulton. "What matters is how you feel about that."

To learn more about lab-grown diamonds vs. natural diamonds—including how they also may vary in price, durability, and clarity—read on.

The Differences Between Lab-Grown and Natural Diamonds 

The key differences between lab-grown and natural diamonds are how they're created and their environmental impact. "Technically, they have the same chemical composition, but one is made in the earth and the other [is made in a] sterile factory setting," jeweler Ashley Zhang further explains. However, there are other defining characteristics that differentiate these stones, which the experts explain below.

How They’re Created 

Most naturally-occurring diamonds on the market today were formed far beneath the earth’s surface, in the planet’s mantle layer. Billions of years of intense heat and pressure caused the element carbon to rearrange on an atomic level, and thus take on the solid form of a diamond. In areas of the globe where the conditions and temperatures have been ripe to create these precious rocks, deep-source volcanic eruptions sent the stones closer to the Earth's surface via kimberlite pipes. "Diamonds are shattered in the process, producing more small pieces than big," Doulton explains. These massive, deep-reaching craters are then mined for the precious stones.  

Lab-grown diamonds, on the other hand, are just that: diamonds grown in a lab. CVD (chemical vapor deposition) and HPHT (high-pressure high temperature) are the two methods used to create these types of stones; both involve using pure carbon, intense pressure, and high heat to develop the crystalline structure of the diamond. But here's the most important part: Since a diamond created in a lab is still pure carbon, it is, chemically speaking, the exact same as a natural diamond. 

Price 

Part of the reason natural diamonds are so pricey is because of their rarity. "They depend on complex and expensive mining operations, and there are no guarantees about what is going to come out of the earth," says Doulton. Other aspects that contribute to their cost are the labor and energy that goes into mining and polishing the stones, and, of course, the strategic and somewhat dubious origins of, control of, and advertising behind the diamond market itself.

Alternatively, lab diamonds are going to be less expensive than natural diamonds—sometimes up to 50 percent less than a natural stone of similar grade—because they aren’t controlled by the same supply chains.

Value

Here, it’s important to understand that the monetary “value” of a stone is assigned by the market and what a customer is willing to pay for it. No stone, no matter how rare or flawless, has an inherent value of its own. If a lab-grown diamond is documented and known to be lab-grown, it will be valued less than a natural diamond of similar gradation, just as the initial purchase cost of that stone would have been less. Meaning: It’s important to purchase your diamond engagement ring not because it can be used for capital, but because it’s a symbol of love and commitment to your partner. But, no, an appraiser will not dock the value of your stone just because it is lab-grown. They will instead just grade it on a different value scale. 

The technology of lab-grown diamonds is also still evolving, which could lead to changes in their value. If they become easier to produce and cost less to make, their price will likely go down, which will drive down their value. Also, if future generations continue to deprioritize the diamond as a symbol of love and marriage, the value of both lab and natural diamonds may go down as there is less of a demand for them.

Durability  

"Lab-grown diamonds have the exact same chemical makeup as natural diamonds. Both types of diamonds are made of carbon atoms arranged in the same crystal structure, which gives them identical hardness and physical properties," shares jeweler Sarah Ortega. "Natural and lab-grown diamonds both rank a 10 on the Mohs hardness scale, making them the hardest substance on Earth. This makes them the perfect stone for an engagement ring since you wear it every day. Both types of diamonds have the same resistance to scratching, chipping, and wear. Keep in mind that diamonds are not indestructible, but with proper care they are designed to last more than a lifetime." 

Clarity 

The Gemological Institute of America and the International Gemological Institute grade lab-grown stones following the same standards and methods as their natural counterparts. That’s important to note because, if these standard-bearing institutions are using the same scales to evaluate both lab-grown and natural diamonds, the differences between the two when it comes to the 4Cs—cut, clarity, color, and carat—are nil. 

Since lab-grown diamonds are grown, not built, they will also take on the inclusions or “flaws” that affect a stone’s sparkle and clarity grade. (The more inclusions in a stone, the cloudier it may be, and the lower its clarity grade becomes.) Just as with natural diamonds, clarity grades for lab-grown diamonds range from Flawless (F1) to Included 3 (I3). Zhang, however, does note that "most natural diamonds will be graded by the Gemological Institute of America and most lab-grown diamonds will be graded by the International Gemological Institute."

Color 

Same deal here: A high-quality lab-grown diamond will be graded on the same scale as a natural one when it comes to color. There is no visual difference between a lab-grown and a natural diamond, and most couples seek out gems of both varieties graded between G and J, which are near colorless. Graded D through F, true colorless diamonds are exceedingly rare and thus exceedingly expensive.

Shopping Considerations to Keep in Mind

Perhaps the strongest case for purchasing lab-grown diamonds has to do with the ethical and environmental ramifications of bringing natural diamonds to market. As the consumer values of Millennials and Gen Z evolve, these groups are more concerned with ensuring their dollars back companies with values similar to their own.

That said, lab-grown diamonds are not without their own drawbacks. "The reality is that most lab-grown diamonds still require large amounts of energy to power the high-temperature machines in which they are grown," says Doulton. "But there is no arguing that they have a clear chain of custody to market."

As the diamond industry continues to evolve to keep up with consumer preferences, improvements are being made on both sides of the coin. Doulton commends sources in Canada, such as the Diavik Diamond Mine and other participants in the Canadamark program, for being fully traceable sources of naturally occurring diamonds, and notes that U.K. lab-grown diamond brand SkyDiamond is carbon negative.